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  • LIU Shu-Wan,CAO Feng,LI Jia-Xi,ZHAO Yan,ZHANG Ying △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 287-293.
    触觉是一种重要的躯体感觉,除在物体识别和环境感知中发挥作用之外,其在情感交流方面的作用亦十分重要。C类低阈值机械感受器(C-typelowthresholdmechanoreceptor,C-LTMR)被认为是介导情感性触觉的外周感受器。过去十余年间,人们对于这类感受器的形态特征、分子标记物、神经生理学特性及其相关神经元的中枢投射通路等有了一定的认识。同时,人们对这类感受器激活所发挥的功能,包括其促进愉悦情绪的产生,发挥镇痛或致痛的作用及其机制有了初步的了解。本文将围绕上述内容进行简要综述。
  • YAN Han,YANG Ji-Chun,CHI Yu-Jing △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2021, 52(6): 425-430.
    脂代谢紊乱与多种疾病的发生发展有关,严重威胁着公共健康。近年来,关于PI3K-Akt信号通路在2型糖尿病、肥胖、肿瘤代谢与免疫及心脑血管疾病等方面的研究层出不穷,本文旨在综述 PI3K-Akt信号通路与多个脂代谢相关基因、多个脂代谢器官以及多种脂代谢紊乱相关疾病之间的重要联系,探讨其直接/间接参与脂质合成、转运、摄入与分解过程的分子机制及病理状态下的信号转导调控,以期为脂代谢紊乱相关疾病的治疗提供新的参考靶点。
  • YIN Jian-Ming,LIN Se-Qi,ZHA Qing-Lin △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 309-314.
    血清脱氢表雄酮水平与增龄呈负相关,而其水平的降低可能是导致老年疾病和衰老的原因之一。近来的研究表明,脱氢表雄酮能提高机体抗氧化能力、增强机体免疫力、改善认知能力和记忆功能、调节细胞自噬和细胞凋亡、改善骨质疏松、延缓女性卵巢功能早衰、抗动脉粥样硬化等,从而预防或改善机体的衰老。
  • WANG Hai-Ying,ZHANG Yu-Qi,SUN Hao-Tian,ZHANG Ran,YA Bai-Liu △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 271-275.
    姜黄素提取自中药姜黄根茎,分子式为 C21H20O6,是一种亲脂性生物活性多酚。姜黄素的毒副作用小并且具有广泛的药理活性,可以通过多种作用机制达到抗肿瘤、抗炎症、抗氧化应激、抗感染和调节脂质代谢等功能。姜黄素可以通过调节肿瘤细胞的分裂周期以抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖, 还可通过抑制肿瘤细胞的迁移和浸润以达到抗肿瘤的作用。姜黄素不仅具有广谱抗肿瘤作用,还具有针对多系统中的以炎症、氧化应激等病因诱导的疾病的治疗效果。姜黄素凭借其极低的毒副作用和广泛的生物活性,为临床疾病的治疗提供了新的思路。本文主要针对姜黄素及其衍生物对肿瘤以及心血管系统、呼吸系统、神经系统、泌尿系统和消化系统相关疾病的影响作用及相关信号通路进行最新研究进展综述。
  • New Method and Technology
    MA Xiao-Jing,HONG Zi-Xuan,ZHU Shun-Tian,WU Run-Long,YUAN Qi-Hang,WANG Kai△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(2): 104-109. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2023.02.1107
    Organoids with structural and functional similarity to their real counterparts have become a widely used supplementary model. However, due to the insufficient blood perfusion, the existing organoids still have problems such as limited growth and development, serious internal necrosis, and incomplete structure and function. As an important component of many organs, blood vessels can not only solve the problem of material transport, but also provide the mechanical forces of blood perfusion. In addition, vascular endothelium can secrete various factors to regulate the development and maturation of organoids. Therefore, vascularized organoids possess broader development and application prospects.This article reviews the cell sources for constructing vascularized organoids and introduces existing methods by which vascularized organoids might be obtained,such as the co-differentiation of stem cells,co-culture and self-assembly of multiple cells, the direct use of microvascular fragments, in vivo revascularization after transplantation and tissue engineering techniques.
  • YANG Tao-Ran,WANG Ru-Rong
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(3): 224-228.
    铁死亡是一种以铁依赖性的脂质过氧化为特征的细胞程序性死亡方式,脂质代谢的调节在其中有重要的作用。线粒体近年来成为了铁死亡相关疾病的研究重点。本文综述了线粒体在铁死亡中的促进以及抑制作用,其中促进作用与电压依赖性阴离子通道、心磷脂等有关,抑制作用与CDGSH 铁硫结构域1、线粒体铁蛋白等有关,但仍有学者认为线粒体在铁死亡中的作用有限。探索线粒体在铁死亡中的作用将有助于为我们了解铁死亡相关性疾病并寻找新的治疗靶点。
  • Physiological Science and Clinical Medicine
    * DONG Xue1,XU Xiao-Dan1,TAN Jing-Yi1,HE Zhen2,WANG Ting-Huai1,3,△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(6): 509-516. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2023.09.1025
    Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to small variations in consecutive normal cardiac cycles and is an important indicator of autonomic regulation. Although the frequency domain indices of HRV, such as low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF, have been widely used to assess the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their mutual regulation, their validity as indicators of autonomic nervous system function has been questioned. This study analyses the different views on the significance of LF, HF and LF/HF and examines their validity and effectiveness as indicators of autonomic nervous system function. In this study, it is proposed that LF, while influenced by sympathetic nerve activity, is not recommended for use alone to reflect sympathetic nerve activity, as it is also affected by other factors such as vagal nerve activity. HF, primarily controlled by cardiac vagal nerves, accurately reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity. LF/HF can reflect the regulatory role of the autonomic nervous system to a certain extent, but due to the non-linear relationship and the influence of other factors, the index of LF/HF is not precise.
  • YANG Dong-Min,WANG Yue-Bing,FENG Juan △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 281-286.
    先天性免疫细胞可以建立非特异性免疫记忆,并调控炎症表型,这一过程被称为训练免疫。 近年研究表明,免疫细胞和非免疫细胞都可以产生训练免疫,其机制主要涉及细胞表观遗传及代谢重编程。训练免疫能够在二次刺激时有效增强宿主防御能力,但也可促进慢性炎症和自身免疫病的进程。本文综述了训练免疫的主要研究进展及其机制,并为研制疫苗和靶向治疗提供新思路。
  • review
    SUN Han, WANG Xue-Kai, PENG Zong-Gen
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 247-253.
    Lipid droplets(LDs) are oily droplets of neutral lipids encapsulated by a single layer of phospholipids. LDs, known as an organelle that regulate lipid homeostasis of intracellular lipids, originate from the endoplasmic reticulum, expand in the cytoplasm, and finally undergo lipolysis or lipophagy to release free fatty acids, which provide essential materials for cells. LDs, along with lipid droplet-related proteins on the surface of LDs, perform important physiological functions, including storage of energy and hydrophobic substances, turnover of proteins, prevention of cellular stress, and regulation of immune response. Recently, abnormal metabolism of LDs has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity,type II diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.In this review, we described the life cycle and functions of LDs and their corresponding molecular basis, providing a reference for the development of LDs-targeted drugs for preventing and treating metabolic diseases.
  • LIU Lei,ZHAO Meng-Meng,ZHANG Xiu-Lin△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(2): 141-146.
    TRPM3是近年来确定的TRP家族中除 TRPV1和 TRPA1外另一疼痛感受通道。TRPM3可被热和化学配体如神经甾体孕烯醇酮硫酸盐 (PregS)和合成配体 CIM0216 激活,激活后对钙离子有较大的通透性。在小鼠和大鼠,TRPM3表达于大约60%的躯体初级感觉神经元,并在伤害性温度感受中发挥关键作用。在炎症和神经病理性疼痛的小鼠和大鼠模型中,全身应用TRPM3 拮抗剂普立咪酮 (Primidone)可以减轻机械和热痛过敏。另一重要发现是:吗啡等阿片类药物激活μ受体后可以强烈抑制TRPM3活性,这表明TRPM3可能是阿片类镇痛药物的外周镇痛靶点。因而,TRPM3有望成为开发镇痛药物的新靶点。
  • LIU Meng-Yuan,ZHAI Wei,WU Ming-Song △,LI Xue-Ying △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 264-270.
    内质网自噬(endoplasmic reticulophagy or reticulophagy, ER-phagy)是选择性自噬新类型,其是由溶酶体介导的特异性清除受损内质网的过程,其主要功能是降解多余的内质网膜和难溶或有毒性的蛋白聚集体,控制内质网的体积,从而维持细胞稳态。本文简要介绍了内质网自噬的发现、作用和可能的激活方式,并阐述了自噬起始、自噬小体形成及自噬小体成熟的调控机制,最后归纳总结了内质网自噬受体的结构、功能及其医学意义。
  • invited review
    WANG Meng, WANG Yu-Hao△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(6): 403-408. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2022.11.1095
    Gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Resident intestinal bacteria enhance digestion of dietary polysaccharides, promote dietary lipid absorption by intestinal epithelial cells, and regulate the function of adipose tissue. Therefore, dysregulated gut microbiota is inclined to induce a series of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, etc. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms by which the gut microbiota promotes epithelial absorption of dietary lipids.
  • Review on the Nobel Prize
    Bao Yu-Hui, Jin Rong△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(5): 415-416. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2023.10.1160
     
  • LU Xiao-Lin,CAO Meng,JIN Zuo-Lin
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(2): 125-129. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2023.01.1062
     
  • CHENG Ya-Qiong,TANG Chao-Ke △
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(4): 303-308.
    脂筏是位于质膜中富含胆固醇和鞘磷脂的微结构域,在细胞信号转导和多种疾病中发挥重要调控作用。脂筏的结构和功能受脂质和蛋白质种类及含量的影响,多种因素可以对脂筏进行调节,包括载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ结合蛋白、肝脏 X 受体激动剂、高密度脂蛋白和它的模拟物、他汀类药物、甲基-β-环糊精、磷脂抑制剂、依德福星、靶向脂筏受体复合物等。本文主要综述脂筏的调节机制、病理性脂筏和影响脂筏的因素,以期将脂筏作为治疗靶点为防治依赖脂筏的各种疾病提供新思路。
  • LIU Shi-He,NAN Wei-Wei,LI Xiao-Lian, ZHU Men-Liang,KANG Ji-Hong△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2021, 52(6): 445-450.
    生酮饮食(ketogenic diet,KD)是一种低碳水化合物、高脂肪饮食。与传统饮食不同,生酮饮 食将脂肪作为机体的主要能量来源。生酮饮食最早用于治疗难治性癫痫,后来在其他疾病,如中枢神经系统疾病、肿瘤和代谢性疾病中得到广泛应用。本文概述了生酮饮食的起源与发展、分类、临床应用及其作用机制。
  • BAO Qian-Kun,YANG Qian,MU Xiao-Feng,LI Guang-Ping△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(2): 115-120.
    Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是以调控β-catenin的稳定性和核定位为核心过程的经典Wnt通路,在细胞增殖、分化和组织稳态维持过程中发挥重要作用。许多细胞外基质蛋白、生长因子等参与该通路的上游调控,此外其他信号通路可以通过与其相互作用精确调控细胞生理功能。在心脏中该通路的异常激活是导致心肌肥厚和心肌损伤的病理生理学基础。本文就 Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的构成和调控机制,及其在心肌重构、心肌梗死和心律失常等相关疾病中的研究进展进行综述,以期为下一步研究指明方向。
  • Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(1): 80-80.
    新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirusdisease2019,COVID-19)是一种由“重症急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型”(Severeacute respiratorysyndromecoronavirus2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的呼吸系统传染病,伴随干咳、呼吸困难、咽痛等呼吸系统症状及肌痛、味觉丧失、皮疹等肺外并发症。新冠肺炎具有极强传染性与较高的致死率,其发病机制受到科学界广泛关注。现有研究揭示,I型干扰素(TypeIinterferons,TypeIIFN)水平病理性升高与新冠肺炎发病相关。近日,瑞士洛桑大学 MichelGilliet与洛桑联邦理工学院的 AndreaAblasser研究团队发现,新冠病毒可激活肺血管内皮细胞及巨噬细胞“环状鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶-干扰素基因刺激因子”(cyclicGMP-AMPsynthase-stimulatorofinterferongenespathway,cGAS-STING)通路,促进I型干扰素分泌,并诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡,参与诱发新冠肺炎。该研究发表在2022年1月 Nature杂志。新冠肺炎并发斑丘疹、紫癜等皮肤并发症,其与I型干扰素水平病理性激增相关。免疫荧光染色结果显示,新冠肺炎重症患者皮肤损伤部位巨噬细胞数量增加,且聚集在损伤的血管周围;转录组测序分析提示,巨噬细胞及血管内皮细胞的I型干扰 素基因(IFNβ)显著上调;免疫组化 结 果 显 示,新 冠 肺 炎 患 者 损 伤 皮 肤 组 织,细 胞 凋 亡 标 志 物“裂 解 胱 天 蛋 白 酶-3”(cleaved caspase-3)细胞核阳性率与IFNβ水平正相关。以上结果表明,新冠肺炎患者组织巨噬细胞数量及功能异常,导致组织I型干扰素水平病理性升高,并伴血管内皮细胞凋亡。cGAS-STING通路病理性激活,参与诱导I型干扰素激增,引起新冠肺炎相关组织损伤。研究者取新冠肺炎重症患者损伤皮肤组织进行免疫荧光染色,结 果 显 示:巨 噬 细 胞 cGAS-STING 通 路 的 第 二 信 使,即“环 鸟 苷 酸-腺 苷 酸”(CyclicGMPAMP,cGAMP)水平升高;不仅如此,巨噬细胞及血管内皮细胞cGAS-STING通路下游分子,即“干扰素基因刺激因子”(stimulatorofinterferongenes,STING)显著激活。以上现象,亦可见于部分新冠肺炎重症患者肺部组织。值得注意的是,肺部组织存在以上现象,则预示较严重的临床结局。进一步地,细胞实验显示,抑制 STING 表达,可阻止干扰素相关基因表达。以上结果提示,cGAS-STING通路病理性激活,可能是新冠肺炎患者组织I型干扰素水平激增的关键驱动因素。新冠病毒可激活肺血管内皮细胞cGAS-STING通路,诱导新冠肺炎发病。利用肺芯片(lung-on-chip,LoC)技术,研究者在体外构建"肺泡-毛细血管气体交换界面"(alveolar-capillaryinterface),模拟肺泡生理活动。研究者将新冠病毒接种至该模型,发现肺血管内皮细胞cGAS-STING通路激活,IFNβ含量显著升高,血管内皮细胞凋亡。而抑制 STING 表达,则可减缓以上变化。以上结果表明,肺血管内皮细胞cGAS-STING通路激活,是新冠肺炎发病的关键环节。新冠病毒可诱导肺血管内皮细胞线粒体DNA(mitochondrialDNA,mtDNA)进入胞质,激活cGAS-STING通路。研究者发现:新冠病毒感染,可导致血管内皮细胞线粒体相关蛋白表达显著增加、血管内皮细胞线粒体萎缩、及线粒体嵴结构破坏。因此,研究者推测,mtDNA 可能进入胞质,并参与激活cGAS-STING通路。进一步研究发现,抑制 mtDNA 片段进入胞质,可降低血管内皮细胞IFNβ表达。以上结果表明,新冠病毒可诱导肺血管内皮细胞 mtDNA 从线粒体外泄到胞质,以激活cGASSTING通路。STING可作为新冠 肺 炎 预 防 与 治 疗 的 潜 在 靶 点。研 究 者 选 用 新 冠 病 毒 高 度 易 感 的 K18-hACE2 小 鼠,感 染 前 给 予STING抑制剂,感染3天与6天后肺组织取材,结果显示:抑制STING可有效减缓炎症相关通路IFNβ信号通路及“核因子活化 B细胞κ轻链增强子”(nuclearfactorkappa-light-chain-enhancerofactivatedBcells,NF-κB)通路活化,降低组织炎症相关细胞因子及肺损伤标志物水平;组织学实验显示,抑制 STING 可显著减少肺组织炎症细胞浸润,抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡;同时,抑制STING可减缓新冠肺炎诱导的体重降低,降低死亡率。以上结果表明,STING可作为新冠肺炎预防和治疗的潜在靶点。总之,该研究发现cGAS-STING通路是参与新冠肺炎发病的重要通路;揭示了肺血管内皮细胞cGAS-STING 通路参与新冠肺炎发病机制。该研究为新型冠状肺炎防治提供了新思路。
  • CHEN Tong-Sheng, XU Guo-Heng△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2023, 54(2): 110-114. https://doi.org/10.20059/j.cnki.pps.2023.01.1009
     
  • CHENG Wei-Wei, CHEN Yuan-Yuan, FU Cheng-Lai△
    Progress in Physiological Sciences. 2022, 53(5): 379-384.