Piezo(Piezoelectric)离子通道是一类重要的机械敏感阳离子通道, 广泛分布于多种组织中, 是机械刺激向电信号转化的重要介质。其主要亚型包括Piezo1和Piezo2:Piezo1主要存在于内皮细胞及部分感觉神经元, 参与机械性疼痛的调控; Piezo2主要分布在背根神经节, 在触觉与痛觉传导中起重要作用。研究表明,Piezo通道在癌性疼痛、炎性疼痛及神经病理性疼痛的发生与维持中具有关键作用。本文对机械敏感离子通道 Piezo及其信号通路在不同类型疼痛中的研究进展进行综述,以期为新型镇痛策略的开发提供潜在靶点与理论依据。

The Piezo (Piezoelectric) ion channels are an important class of mechanosensitive cation channels that are widely distributed across various tissues and serve as crucial mediators in the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. The major subtypes include Piezo1 and Piezo2: Piezo1 is primarily expressed in endothelial cells and certain sensory neurons, playing a role in the modulation of mechanical pain, whereas Piezo2 is predominantly localized in the dorsal root ganglia where it is essential for the transmission of touch and pain sensations. Emerging studies have demonstrated that Piezo channels are critically involved in the onset and maintenance of cancer pain, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain. This review summarizes recent advances in the research on mechanosensitive Piezo ion channels and their signaling pathways in various pain types, providing potential therapeutic targets and theoretical foundations for the development of novel analgesic strategies.