非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI)是指无自杀意图、故意伤害自己身体, 且不被所在社会文化认可的行为。NSSI在青少年群体中尤为常见,具有急迫性、强迫性特征,并在自伤后常产生情绪释放感, 也可被理解为一种具有成瘾特征的行为模式。本文通过系统回顾相关文献, 从遗传与环境因素、神经发育机制、疼痛感知、应激反应与炎症调节、奖赏系统与奖励反应等方面, 对当前青少年NSSI生物学研究进展进行梳理和总结,旨在为早期识别高危人群、预防青少年NSSI发生, 以及制定相应干预策略和开展临床研究提供科学依据。

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially or culturally sanctioned. This behavior is particularly prevalent among adolescents. NSSI is characterized by its urgency, compulsivity, and the sense of relief following the act, leading to its conceptualization as a behavior with addictive features. Through a systematic review of the literature, this article synthesizes current advances in the biology of adolescent NSSI from several perspectives: genetic and environmental factors, neurobiological development, pain perception, stress response and inflammation regulation, as well as the reward system and reward response. The overarching aim is to provide a scientific basis for the early identification of high-risk individuals, the prevention of adolescent NSSI, and the formulation of targeted intervention strategies and clinical research.