炎症是机体对有害刺激所产生的一种保护机制。然而, 炎症持续且炎症介质过量分泌则导致慢性炎症, 造成细胞、组织或器官功能障碍。迷走神经(vagus nerve)是神经-免疫调控的核心之一。近年来研究发现,迷走神经通过胆碱能抗炎通路、非胆碱能抗炎通路及炎症反馈等多途径发挥调控炎症反应(特别是抗炎)作用。本文重点就迷走神经抗炎的核心机制,及其在自身免疫病、感染性疾病、代谢性疾病和神经系统疾病中的临床应用进行阐述, 以期为临床抗炎治疗提供新思路。

Inflammation is a protective mechanism of the body in response to harmful stimuli. However, persistent inflammation and excessive secretion of inflammatory mediators may lead to chronic inflammation, resulting in dysfunction of cells, tissues, or organs. The vagus nerve isone of the core components in neuro-immune regulation. In recent years, studies have shown that the vagus nerve regulates inflammatory responses, especially anti-inflammatory effects, through multiple pathways, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, non-cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and the inflammatory reflex. This review focuses on the core mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of the vagus nerve and its clinical applications in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders, aiming to provide new insights into clinical anti-inflammatory therapy.