昼夜节律(circadian rhythm)是一种以24小时为周期的内源性生物节律。在正常生理状态下,血压的昼夜节律表现为两峰一谷、日高夜低的杓型变化。大量研究表明，血压昼夜节律的调控依赖于心血管中枢的精密整合机制。脑干及下丘脑核团通过神经递质和内分泌信号等途径，来调节交感神经与副交感神经的动态平衡,维持血压生理性波动。在病理状态下,心血管中枢活动异常可导致血压的昼夜节律异常,其与高血压等心血管疾病密切相关。因此,本文系统综述了心血管中枢在调控血压昼夜节律中的作用和分子机制，为揭示血压异常节律的病理基础及其靶向治疗提供理论依据。

The circadian rhythm is an endogenous biological oscillation with a 24-hour period. Under normal physiological conditions, the circadian rhythm of blood pressure exhibits a diurnal variation characterized by a two-peak-one-trough pattern, with higher levels during the day and lower levels at night. Extensive studies have demonstrated that the circadian regulation of blood pressure depends on the precise integrative functions of the cardiovascular centers. The brainstem and hypothalamus modulate the dynamic balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities via neurotransmitters, endocrine signals, and other pathways, thereby maintaining physiological fluctuations of blood pressure. Under pathological conditions, dysregulation of cardiovascular centers can lead to abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure, which is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, this review systematically examines the role and molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular center in regulating blood pressure circadian rhythms, providing a theoretical basis for revealing the pathogenesis of abnormal blood pressure rhythms and developing targeted therapies.