适时运动抑制对日常生活至关重要。反应抑制是大脑抑制性控制功能的重要组成部分,分为反应性抑制和主动性抑制。经典的Go/No-Go和Stop-signal试验是探究反应抑制机制的主要方法。额叶-基底神经节在调节反应抑制中起关键作用,基底神经节内的超直接通路介导快速、广泛的反应性抑制,间接通路介导慢速、有选择性的主动性抑制。该环路损伤常导致运动控制障碍, 与冲动、抽动和冻结等临床症状密切相关。本文旨在概述反应抑制环路的研究进展,重点阐述了基底神经节的作用,以期为临床相关疾病的症状控制和研究提供新思路。

Timely and appropriate motor inhibition is essential for daily life. Response inhibition (RI) is a crucial component of the brain's inhibitory control functions, which can be categorized into reactive and proactive inhibition. Classic paradigms, such as the Go/No-Go and Stop-signal tasks, are primary methods for investigating the mechanisms of response inhibition. The frontal lobe-basal ganglia circuit plays a central role in regulating response inhibition, in which the hyper-direct pathway in the basal ganglia mediates reactive inhibition, exerting immediate and global effects, whereas the indirect pathways mediate proactive inhibition, exerting slower and more selective effects. Lesions to this neural circuit often result in motor control deficits, which are closely associated with clinical symptoms such as impulsivity, tics, and freezing. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research on the neural circuits involved in response inhibition, with particular emphasis on the role of the basal ganglia, potentially offering novel insights for symptom control and further investigation into clinically relevant diseases.