2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus)是一种以胰岛素敏感性降低和相对胰岛素缺乏为特征的代谢紊乱疾病。长期罹患2型糖尿病可导致包括中枢神经系统在内的多个器官和组织发生病变,可能诱发认知功能障碍(cognitive dysfunction)并增加死亡率,已成为21世纪的重大公共卫生问题和经济负担。规律的体育锻炼对缓解2型糖尿病认知障碍发展具有重要作用,但其作用机制尚未阐明。本文通过梳理2型糖尿病认知障碍发病机制,系统总结运动改善认知功能的机制,为未 来制定糖尿病认知障碍干预策略提供新的思路。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and relative insulin deficiency. Long-term T2DM can cause lesions in multiple organs and tissues, including the central nervous system, potentially inducing cognitive dysfunction, and resulting in increased mortality, which has emerged as a significant public health concern and economic burden in the 21st century. Regular physical exercise plays a crucial role in alleviating the development of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This article reviews the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes, and summarizes the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its beneficial effects, thereby providing new insights for future strategies to alleviate cognitive impairment in diabetes.