抑郁症是一种严重影响患者心理和生理健康的精神系统疾病,给患者和家庭带来极大的精神和经济负担。临床上常采用药物进行治疗,但药物治疗的周期长、副作用大等限制了其在临床上的应用范围和效果。运动干预治疗作为一种非药物的物理治疗方法,具有操作性强、不良反应少等优势,已广泛应用于促进患者神经功能康复的治疗过程。本文从运动干预缓解抑郁症患者神经功能的角度出发,分别从运动干预促进神经元保护和再生、调控神经营养因子表达以及神经元之间的信号传递等方面综述运动干预防治抑郁症的直接和间接机制,力求为阐明运动疗法治疗抑郁症的机制提供科学参考。

Depression is a psychiatric disorder that profoundly affects the psychological and physiological health of patients, imposing substantial mental and economic burdens on both patients and their families. Although pharmacological treatments are commonly used in clinical practice, their prolonged treatment duration and significant side effects limit their clinical applicability and effectiveness. Exercise intervention, as a non-pharmacological physical therapy, offers advantages such as high feasibility and minimal side effects, and has been widely used to promote neurological function recovery in patients. From the perspective of exercise intervention alleviating neurological dysfunction in patients with depression, this article reviews the direct and indirect mechanisms of exercise intervention in the prevention and treatment of depression, focusing on aspects such as promoting neuronal protection and regeneration, regulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, and modulating signal transmission between neurons. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for clarifying the mechanisms by which exercise therapy exerts its antidepressant effects.