大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)是常驻肠道微生物群的主要共生菌,其致病菌株是导致发展中国家婴儿腹泻的主要病因。鉴于腹泻治疗的抗生素耐药性的不断增长,传统的抗生素疗法正面临日益严峻的挑战,寻找新型的治疗策略已成为迫切需求。大肠杆菌致病性主要由毒力因子介导, 在感染早期对其肠道定植粘附至关重要。本文对近年来大肠杆菌定植感染的相关研究进展,包括大肠杆菌的分类及感染现状、大肠杆菌定植感染的分子机制等展开综述,重点分析了相关毒力因子以及DcuSR双组份系统对大肠杆菌粘附定植的影响。此外,文章还讨论了透明质酸(hyaluronic acid)对大肠杆菌感染的影响,为大肠杆菌感染的防治提供了新思路。

Escherichia coli (E. coli), a prevalent commensal bacterium within the resident gut microbiota, includes pathogenic strains that are a leading cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries. In light of the rising antibiotic resistance associated with diarrhea treatment, conventional antibiotic therapies are encountering increasing challenges, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The pathogenicity of E. coli is primarily mediated by virulence factors, which play critical roles in facilitating intestinal adhesion and colonization during the early stages of infection. This article reviews recent research progress on E. coli colonization and infection, including its classification, epidemiology, and molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity. It focuses on analyzing the effects of relevant virulence factors and the DcuSR two-component system on the adhesion and colonization of E. coli. Furthermore, the article delves into the impact of hyaluronic acid (HA) on E. coli infection, offering novel insights into the management of E. coli infections.