自身免疫病(autoimmune disease)是由免疫系统识别和攻击自身抗原所导致器官特异性或系统性损害的疾病,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。近年来研究提示自身免疫病的发生发展与肠道屏障功能障碍密切相关。 肠道黏膜免疫系统直接参与维持肠道屏障功能和机体免疫耐受, 其功能失调介导了自身免疫性肠病如炎症性肠病、乳糜泻的发病,同时也与肠外自身免疫病如系统性红斑狼疮、银屑病等密切相关。本文分析和汇总了肠道黏膜免疫系统的构成,肠道与多器官的交互调控(包括肠-肝轴、肠-肾轴、肠-脑轴等) 及其在自身免疫病中的作用机理。 阐明了自身免疫病中肠道黏膜免疫反应失衡的作用机理及其研究进展, 为靶向肠道黏膜免疫的临床治疗新策略提供了有效参考。

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by systemic or organ-specific damage mediated by autoimmune responses, which occur when the immune system recognizes and attacks self-antigens. Recent studies indicate a rising incidence of autoimmune diseases and a significant correlation between these diseases and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The intestinal mucosal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining intestinal barrier function and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this system is implicated in the development of autoimmune intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease, as well as extraintestinal autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis. This review summarizes the composition of the intestinal mucosal immune system and its interactions with various organs, including the gut-liver,gut-kidney,and gut-brain axes,along with their mechanistic roles in autoimmune diseases. It elucidates the mechanisms underlying disorders of intestinal mucosal immunity in autoimmune diseases and highlights recent research advances, providing a reference for developing novel treatment strategies targeting intestinal mucosal immunity for autoimmune diseases.