随着全球人口老龄化,脑衰老 (brain aging) 成为一个日益突出的问题。 脑衰老涉及神经元数量减少、 突触连接减弱和脑区功能改变, 导致记忆力下降和认知功能受损等症状。 本综述详细回顾了运动通过改善大脑可塑性延缓脑衰老的研究进展。 运动通过影响突触可塑性相关蛋白质和神经递质、 调控脑源性神经营养因子表达、 逆转神经细胞减少和改善线粒体功能, 对脑衰老产生积极影响。 然而, 未来的研究需要关注不同运动类型和强度对脑衰老的影响, 以及运动与其他干预措施的协同作用。 本综述将有助于理解运动延缓脑衰老的机制并对制定相关预防和干预策略至关重要。

As the global population ages, brain aging has become an increasingly prominent issue. Brain aging involves a decrease in the number of neurons, weakening of synaptic connections, and functional changes in brain regions, resulting in symptoms such as memory decline and cognitive impairment. This review comprehensively examines the research progress on how exercise can delay brain aging by improving brain plasticity. Exercise exerts positive effects on brain aging by influencing synaptic plasticity-related proteins and neurotransmitters, regulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reversing neuronal loss, and improving mitochondrial function. However, future research needs to focus on the effects of different types and intensities of exercise on brain aging, as well as the synergistic effects of exercise with other interventions. This review may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which exercise delays brain aging and is crucial for the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies.