钠碘同向转运体(sodium iodine symporter)广泛分布于人体各个器官,是器官转运I- 的结构和功能基础。钠碘同向转运体主要表达在细胞的基底侧膜上,为各种生命活动提供所需的I- 。目前已知,钠碘同向转运体的调控机制涉及激素、细胞因子、转录因子及信号分子的作用。此外,钠碘同向转运体作为甲状腺癌的重要治疗靶点逐渐受到关注,然而在治疗过程中唾液腺等其他器官吸收放射性碘而产生的并发症也值得重视。本文重点综述了钠碘同向转运体的表达、作用及其调控机制的研究进展,旨在为临床干预钠碘同向转运体异常相关疾病进程提供新思路。

The sodium iodine symporter (NIS) is widely distributed in various organs of the human body and serves as the structural and functional basis for the transport of iodide (I- ) in these organs. NIS is primarily expressed on the basolateral membrane of cells, providing the required I- for various life activities. It is known that the regulatory mechanism of NIS involves the actions of hormones, cytokines, transcription factors, and signaling molecules. In addition, NIS is gaining attention as an important therapeutic target for thyroid cancer, although complications arising from the absorption of radioactive iodine by other organs, such as salivary glands, during the treatment process also deserve attention. In this article, we focus on the research progress on the expression, role, and regulatory mechanism of NIS, aiming to provide new insights for clinical intervention targeting disease processes associated with NIS abnormalities.