乳酸是葡萄糖无氧氧化的分解产物,最近研究证明乳酸是一种重要的能源物质、信号分子和免疫调节分子,在细胞生理病理过程中发挥着重要作用。体内组蛋白和非组蛋白可进行乳酸化修饰从而参与调控基因转录、诱导巨噬细胞极化等过程;蛋白质乳酸化修饰的发现为肿瘤和炎症等的研究提供了新的方向。鉴于乳酸化修饰在疾病发生机制中的研究越来越受到关注,本文总结了组蛋白和非组蛋白乳酸化修饰的研究进展,阐述了乳酸化修饰在炎症、癌症、心脑血管疾病和神经退行性疾病中的关键作用。

Lactic acid is a decomposed product of anaerobic oxidation of glucose. Recent studies have shown that lactic acid is an important energy substance, signaling molecule, and immunomodulatory molecule, playing a significant role in cellular physiological and pathological processes. In vivo, both histone and non-histone proteins can undergo lactylation modification, thereby participating in the regulation of gene transcription, induction of macrophage polarization, and other processes. The discovery of protein lactylation modification has provided new directions for research on tumors and inflammation. Given the increasing attention paid to lactylation in the study of disease pathogenesis, this article summarizes the research progress of histone and nonhistone lactylation modification, and expound the key roles of lactylation modification in inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as neurodegenerative diseases.