巨噬细胞(macrophages)是免疫系统的重要组成部分,在机体免疫调控和组织修复中起着核心作用。巨噬细胞是一种可塑性细胞,在不同刺激下可以极化为功能不同的多种亚型,不同极化状态的巨噬细胞在疾病发展和预后中发挥着重要作用。对巨噬细胞极化的深入研究有助于探索预防和治疗疾病的新策略。本文总结了不同微环境信号刺激下巨噬细胞的不同极化表型及其主要功能,并重点介绍了巨噬细胞极化在肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化和2型糖尿病中的作用以及以巨噬细胞极化为靶标的临床疾病治疗策略。

Macrophages are important components of the immune system and play a core role in immune regulation and tissue repair. Macrophages are plastic cells that can polarize into many subtypes with different functions under different stimuli. Macrophages in different polarization states play crucial roles in disease development and prognosis. In-depth studies of macrophage polarization contribute to exploring new strategies for disease prevention and treatment. In this article, we summarize the different polarization phenotypes and main functions of macrophages under different microenvironmental signal stimuli, focusing on the role of macrophage polarization in the tumor, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, as well as the therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization.