髓系细胞触发受体2 (triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells,TREM2) 属于免疫球蛋白超家族成员,是一种跨膜受体,主要在髓系细胞和小胶质细胞中表达。TREM2与相应配体结合后,通过胞内接头蛋白DAP12/DAP10激活下游信号通路,起到重要的免疫信号传递作用。TREM2参与调节多种生物学过程,包括细胞吞噬、炎症反应和代谢过程等,在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用。近年研究表明,TREM2在恶性肿瘤的发生和发展过程中扮演重要角色。除了调控肿瘤细胞自身的生物学行为外,TREM2还能够调节肿瘤微环境内免疫细胞的活性和功能,参与抑制性免疫微环境的形成。本文着重概述TREM2对不同类型恶性肿瘤的调控作用,并对未来TREM2的靶向治疗相关研究进行展望,旨在为肿瘤防治领域的研究提供新的思路和观点。

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is primarily expressed on myeloid cells and microglia. Upon binding to its ligand, TREM2 activates downstream signaling pathways through the intracellular adaptor protein DAP12/DAP10, playing an important role in immune signaling. TREM2 is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including phagocytosis, inflammatory reactions, and metabolic processes. Its significant role has been observed in the onset and development of various diseases. Recent research has highlighted the key role of TREM2 in the development of malignant tumors. Apart from regulating the biological behavior of tumor cells, TREM2 can also modulate the activity and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment. This article aims to summarize the regulatory role of TREM2 in different types of malignant tumors and provide prospects for future research related to targeted therapies involving TREM2, thereby offering novel insights for research in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.