帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,不仅具有静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌肉僵直、步态障碍等典型的运动症状,还同时存在着运动学习障碍(motor learning deficits); 主要表现为 PD 患者难以学会新的运动技能,且对已学会的运动技能难以稳定执行, 严重影响其生活质量。然而, 目前对 PD 运动学习障碍的成因和病理机制尚不清楚。本综述从运动学习的形式及其不同阶段, 全面概述了 PD 运动学习障碍的特征及其相关的神经环路、神经递质, 以及目前的一些治疗手段, 来解析 PD 运动学习障碍的发生机制, 可为 PD 的预防和康复提供新的思路。

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with not only typical cardinal motor features such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and gait disorders, but also motor learning deficits characterized by difficulties in learning new motor skills and follow-up execution, which seriously affect patients’ quality of life. Thus, it is of crucial importance to clarify the cause and pathological mechanism of motor learning deficits in PD. Based on the different forms and stages of motor learning, this review summarizes the characteristics of motor learning deficits in PD, the related neural circuits and neurotransmitters, as well as recent therapies, aiming to investigate the mechanism of motor learning deficits in PD and provide new strategies for its prevention and rehabilitation.