2021年美国科学家戴维· 朱利叶斯(David Julius)和阿登· 帕塔普蒂安(Ardem Patapoutian)因“发现温度和触觉感受器”而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,该发现为信息科学(information science)在生理学及医学中的应用指引了新方向。信息科学是研究信息运动规律和应用方法的科学,其中计算机大数据、数学建模模型具有来源多样、数据量增长快和高频等特征,为生理学和医学研究提供了新的分析视野。本文梳理了生理学及医学领域数据信息的提取步骤,比较了传统机器学习、深度学习、推荐系统和传统统计学方法的实现原理和技术特点,探讨了未来的信息科学和生理学及医学相结合的研究方向,以揭示信息科学在生理学及医学中应用的基本方法和原理及其对科学发展的意义。

In 2021, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch, which brought a new direction for the application of information science in physiology and medicine. Information science is an emergent field described as aiming to study the laws and applications of information movement, among which computerized big data and mathematical modeling have been providing new analytical horizons for physiological and medical research, characterized by diverse sources, fast growth of data and high frequency. To reveal the basic methods and principles of the application of information science in physiology and medicine and its significance to scientific development, the review stated the brief steps of data extraction in physiology and medicine, compared the principles and technical features of traditional statistics, traditional machine learning and deep learning, and discussed the future trends of research in physiology and medicine combined with information science.