作为人体的 “第二基因组” 及新兴的 “代谢器官”,肠道菌(gut microbiota)的结构与功能变化与代谢性疾病的发生、发展及防治密切相关。这种相关性主要体现在其对相关疾病的精准诊断及靶向干预效果的影响上;其中药物和食物的干预疗效受个体间肠道菌差异影响尤为明显。本文主要以肠道菌与此类环境因素之间的相互作用为切入点,探讨二者互作对代谢性疾病防治的启发。我们同时强调了剖析个体间肠道菌差异及其相关影响因素对国际人类表型组计划的实施及精准医学研究的重要性。

The gut microbiota has been recognized as the ‘second genome’ and a new ‘metabolic organ’ to us humans and gut microbial shifts, including those both at the structural and functional levels, have been implicated in the pathogenesis and development of various metabolic disorders. Growing evidence suggests that those tiny microorganisms affect not only the precise diagnosis of common metabolic diseases but also the clinical effectiveness and efficacy of associated therapeutic options, especially that of medications and diets. Here in this review, we discussed the reciprocal interventions between gut microbes and those xenobiotics as well as their importance to the precise management of various metabolic disorders, the International Human Phenome Project, and personalized medicine.