人体肠道中寄居着数量众多、种类繁异的微生物,其在机体营养吸收、物质代谢以及免疫调节等方面发挥着积极作用,但肠道微生物(gut microbiota)群落结构失调或组织易位则与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。肠上皮细胞(intestinal epithelial cells)作为机体直接接触众多肠道微生物的第一道屏障,在响应肠道微生物定植、调节肠道微生物群落结构以及维持肠黏膜屏障功能等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文将主要从肠黏膜免疫调控的角度,介绍肠道微生物与肠上皮细胞互作分子机制的最新研究进展。

A wide variety and numerous microorganisms, collectively known as microbiota, reside in the intestine, which substantially promote the nutrient absorption, metabolism, and immune regulation of hosts. However, dysregulated or translocated gut microbiota contributes to the development of many diseases. As the primary barrier for the body to encounter intestinal microorganisms, the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a crucial role in responding to intestinal microbial colonization, regulating intestinal microbial community structure, and maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier function. Here, we review the latest advances in our knowledge of how the interactions between the microbiota and IECs regulate the mucosal immune function in the gut.