肠道菌群(gut microbiota)在多种代谢性疾病的发生发展中发挥着重要的作用,包括肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、心血管疾病等。肠道菌群可以将肝脏中合成并被分泌到肠道中的胆汁酸(bile acids)进一步代谢,形成次级胆汁酸。多种胆汁酸按不同的比例构成胆汁酸池,并通过胆汁酸受体法尼醇X受体、G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体等作用于宿主,进而影响宿主代谢。本文就肠道菌群代谢胆汁酸以及动态的肠道菌群和胆汁酸池调节代谢性疾病进展的机制进行综述。

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota can further metabolize bile acids synthesized in the liver and secreted into the gut to form secondary bile acids. A variety of bile acids form bile acid pools in different proportions, and target host bile acid receptors the Farnesoid X receptor and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, thereby affecting the metabolism of the host. This article reviews the ways in which the gut microbiota metabolizes bile acids and the mechanisms by which dynamic gut microbiota and bile acid pools regulate the progression of metabolic diseases.