Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor in women, exhibits high mortality rates primarily due to its metastatic potential and drug resistance. In recent years, metabolic reprogramming has been proven to play a critical role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Previous research has mainly focused on aberrant glucose metabolism, with limited investigation of fatty acid metabolism. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer cells provide energy and biosynthetic precursors for rapid proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by abnormally activating fatty acid metabolic pathways including uptake, synthesis, storage, and oxidative decomposition. This article systematically reviews the latest research progress on fatty acid metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer, and provides an in-depth exploration of potential therapeutic targets and targeted intervention strategies.