Coffee, as a globally prevalent beverage, has garnered considerable research attention regarding its association with liver health. Drawing upon recent domestic and international research, this article systematically reviews the preventive and protective effects of coffee consumption on chronic liver diseases. Specifically, it focuses on the protective roles of coffee in diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), liver cancer, and other chronic liver diseases, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Evidence indicates that moderate coffee intake enhances liver function and health primarily via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory pathways. Notably, these effects exhibit variations across genders and populations. By integrating clinical evidence with mechanistic research, this review provides a theoretical basis and reference for understanding the role of coffee in chronic liver diseases, and offers scientific recommendations for coffee consumption.