The ovaries are vital female reproductive organs. Impairment of ovarian function not only adversely affects fertility but also reduces women's quality of life. Psychological stress refers to the emotional and psychological responses individuals exhibit when confronted with various pressures and challenges, with multiple factors acting as stressors. Chronic psychological stress can disrupt the body's internal homeostasis and even induce diseases. A growing body of research has demonstrated that psychological stress can affect local ovarian physiological functions through neuroendocrine networks and metabolic pathways, causing significant changes in ovarian function, leading to female health issues. This article primarily reviews the research progress on the effects of psychological stress on ovarian function, aiming to provide new insights for associated clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research.