Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high incidence and poor prognosis. Its pathogenesis is intricately linked to disorders of bile acid metabolism. Bile acid-activated receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5), vitamin D receptor (VDR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), modulate various physiological functions via multiple signaling pathways and a multitude of signaling molecules. During the pathogenesis of CRC, notable changes occur in the expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms of these bile acid receptors. This review focuses on bile acid receptors to explore the relationship between bile acids and the initiation and progression of CRC, as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms involved. The overarching objective of this review is to offer novel insights into the roles and research advances of bile acid receptors in CRC.