Snakebites are among the deadliest yet most neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Following a venomous bite, the circulatory system serves as both the medium for venom dissemination and the most direct target of the venom. Victims experience impaired hemostasis and coagulation, leading to a series of blood-associated toxic reactions, such as abnormal blood cells, platelet irregularities, microvascular issues, and blood pressure changes. These hematotoxicities also trigger secondary cardiovascular complications, which are major contributors to the high mortality and morbidity rates associated with venomous bites. This article reviews the research progress on venom-induced changes in hematotoxicity parameters, venom components and their mechanisms of action, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of snakebite victims.