Multiple myeloma is a progressive neoplastic disease caused by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow,which leads to the excessive production of aberrant immunoglobulins. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with the dysregulation of the immune microenvironment. As an incurable hematological malignancy,multiple myeloma currently faces limitations in its treatment options,including drug resistance and disease recurrence,posing a significant threat to patients' well-being and survival.The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome,a multiprotein complex crucial for intracellular immune regulation,plays a pivotal role in the occurrence,progression,and drug resistance of multiple myeloma. This article systematically summarizes the regulatory mechanisms and research progress of the NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple myeloma,and discusses potential therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome,aiming to provide a reference for future research and clinical applications.