Anti-tumor drugs, especially chemotherapy drugs, are among the most widely employed approaches for cancer treatment due to their cost-effectiveness and significant therapeutic efficacy. However, their side effects, particularly cardiotoxicity, significantly limit their clinical application. With advancements in biotechnologies, such as active ingredient extraction and nanomaterials, an increasing number of strategies have been developed to mitigate the cardiotoxicity caused by anti-tumor drugs. This review elucidates the potential mechanisms underlying antitumor drug-induced cardiotoxicity, summarizes current research progress on cardioprotective interventions, and provides insights into potential strategies for achieving safer cancer treatment.