Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is primarily characterized by pain and depression, both of which significantly impair patients' physical and mental health. Currently,clinical therapies for FMS include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.Exercise therapy is an effective non-pharmacological approach that helps alleviate pain and depressive symptoms in patients with FMS,thereby improving their quality of life.Based on relevant literature, this article analyzes the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on pain and depression in patients with FMS, further explores the pathogenesis of FMS and the physiological mechanisms by which exercise exerts its therapeutic benefits.The findings indicate that regular medium to high intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can substantially improve pain and depression symptoms in patients with FMS through mechanisms such as inducing hypoalgesia, exerting anti-inflammatory effects,improving autonomic dysfunction,and promoting reward effects. Despite the evident effect of exercise on improving symptoms in patients with FMS, exercise protocols still need further optimization to enhance their scientific rigor and ensure safety.