Zinc, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in regulating various biological functions, and primarily exerts a protective effect on vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Dysregulation of zinc homeostasis promotes the initiation and progression of vascular diseases through oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, vascular calcification, and other pathways. It is closely related to atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and peripheral artery disease. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which zinc deficiency contributes to arterial diseases, the role of zinc-related proteins, and the protective effects of zinc supplementation on vascular function, providing insights and clues for the treatment and study of arterial diseases.