Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs exceeding 200 nucleotides in length that lack protein-coding capabilities, and play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic modifications at the post-transcriptional level. Research has demonstrated that lncRNAs are integral to various cell functions, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver tissue fibrosis, inflammatory responses, tumorigenesis, and hepatocyte autophagy. The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gaining increasing attention. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identifies novel targets for lncRNA action, and lays a foundational framework along with innovative perspectives for future research and prevention of NAFLD.