Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space, carrying abundant biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival.Exercise can induce the secretion of exosomes,and promote the biological effects of the contained miRNAs.Recent studies have indicated a close relationship between exosomal miRNAs and chronic heart failure,exercise can alter the expression of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids and tissues.Exosomal miRNAs serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure,potentially ameliorating heart failure by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis,promoting myocardial mitochondrial function,and enhancing myocardial cell survival. Therefore,this article reviews the role of exosomal miRNAs in chronic heart failure and the mitochondrial mechanisms through which exercise improves chronic heart failure via exosomal miRNAs, offering a valuable basis for future diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.