MG53(mitsugumin 53) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family of E3 ubiquitin ligases,also known as TRIM72.MG53 is a cell membrane repair protein widely expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles,capable of rapidly accumulating at the site of membrane injury, playing a crucial role in the repair of cardiac and skeletal muscle cell membranes. In recent years, numerous studies have found that MG53 participates in the myocardial protective effect of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, and mitigates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, it is expressed in various organs, promoting cell membrane repair under physiological or pathological conditions. However, MG53 overexpression leads to decreased expression of the ubiquitin-dependent insulin receptor, contributing to metabolic syndrome and diabetic heart disease. This article reviews the recent advances in the physiological functions and associated mechanisms of MG53 protein, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of recombinant human mitsugumin53 (rhMG53).