Multilineage differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells are a newly discovered type of stem cells that have attracted increasing attention due to their superior abilities compared to mesenchymal stem cells, such as enhanced tri-germ layer differentiation potential, stress tolerance, homing ability, in situ differentiation capacity, and non-tumorigenicity. Muse cells have shown promising effects in various animal disease models and clinical trials, highlighting their immense potential for applications in the field of regenerative medicine. However, the extremely low baseline levels of Muse cells in vivo pose a challenge for conventional culture methods, which often fail to obtain large quantities of high-purity Muse cells within a short time frame, limiting their translational applications. This article aims to discuss the characteristics and culture methods of Muse cells, as well as research progress in disease models and specific clinical trials, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on Muse cells.