The repair and regeneration of bone tissue defects is a complex and slow pathophysiological process,representing a significant challenge in oral clinical treatment. Hypoxia leads to an inadequate blood supply to injured bone tissue,significantly impairing the repair and regeneration of bone tissue defects.Magnesium and magnesium alloys, as novel types of degradable and absorbable materials for bone tissue engineering implants,release magnesium ions under hypoxic conditions. These magnesium ions can activate cell signaling pathways related to hypoxia-inducible factors, promoting angiogenesis,preserving the osteogenic function of bone cells,and facilitating the repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue.Accordingly,this article reviews the factors influencing bone tissue regeneration under hypoxic environments and current state of research on the mechanisms by which magnesium ions promote bone regeneration,aiming to lay a foundation for the subsequent development of various medical magnesium alloy biomaterials that facilitate the repair of bone tissue defects.