Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, representing the most common form of chronic kidney disease and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Currently, available treatment options have notable limitations, including poor bioavailability, hepatorenal toxicity of oral medica-tions, and a lack of precise targeting. In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) have demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of kidney diseases. Nanocarriers are capable of targeting drugs to specific areas, addressing the issue of inadequate drug delivery to particular sites, and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This article reviews the pathogenesis of DKD and the limitations of current treatment methods, while focusing on the application of NDDS in treating DKD. Finally, it presents the challenges and new visions for the future development of nanoplatforms, providing insights for achieving efficient targeted therapy for the kidney diseases.