Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by classic clinical features including motor symptoms such as tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and abnormal posture and gait, as well as a variety of non-motor symptoms. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, propelling genes associated with mitochondrial function to the forefront of current research endeavors. Some gene mutations are closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondrial-related PD pathogenic genes include genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA homeostasis, mitochondrial protein translation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and mitochondrial metabolism, participating in the regulation of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, ultimately leading to structural and functional abnormalities in mitochondria. This article provides an overview of the mitochondrial-related PD pathogenic genes that are directly or indirectly associated with the onset and development of PD. Through in-depth studies of the functions and mechanisms of these genes, it is hoped that better therapeutic methods and prevention strategies for PD can be identified.