Gut microbiota is closely associated with human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can disrupt the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth and nutrient metabolism. This can result in the development of age-related diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, kidney disease, and neurological disorders, affecting the aging process of the body. This article analyzes and summarizes the interplay between the gut microbiota and mTOR signaling pathway, as well as its impact on body homeostasis and the resulting aging-related diseases. It focuses on how the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate cellular metabolism, inflammation, autophagy and other processes through the mTOR signaling pathway, providing insights for the prevention and intervention of aging-related diseases, as well as the delay of aging.