Appropriate exercise can promote skeletal muscle health. One key mechanism involves the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, which regulates a series of redox-sensitive transcription factors, thereby activating the antioxidant enzyme and non-enzyme systems, establishing a high level of redox balance, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. The composition of gut microbiota is affected by various factors, including lifestyle, diet, stress, and environmental factors. Gut microbial metabolites act on target organs through the circulatory system, exerting health-promoting effects. Studies have shown that some gut microbes can remotely regulate the antioxidant system of skeletal muscle through their metabolites. Exercise-induced remodeling of the gut microbiota composition is one of the pathways by which exercise promotes skeletal muscle health. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the biological effects of gut microbiota and their metabolites in exercise-induced establishment of a high-level redox balance in skeletal muscle.