Parkinson's disease, a common neurodegenerative disease with an increasing incidence annually, is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein folding modification, processing, and transport. The disruption of ER homeostasis can lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, inducing ER stress and leading to cell apoptosis. To maintain ER function and homeostasis, the ER quality control system, consisting of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy, comes into play. Research has indicated that ER stress is closely associated with the onset of Parkinson's disease, but the role of the ER quality control system in the progression of Parkinson's disease remains unclear. In this article, we review the relationship between the abnormality in the ER quality control system and the onset and development of Parkinson's disease, providing new insights into exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease.