Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease represented by Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Mechanisms underlying its onset and development involve genetic susceptibility, as well as multiple pathways such as the environmental and microbial interactions that weaken the intestinal barrier and lead to immune activation. Recent research has indicated that triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) expressed on macrophages play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, closely associated with the occurrence and development of IBD. This article reviews the structures, ligands, and functions of TREM-1/2 (TREM-1 and TREM-2), as well as mechanisms underlying the involvement of TREM-1/2 in IBD and the accompanying mental disorders, aiming to provide theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of IBD.