Non-structural maintenance of chromosome condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2), one of the three subunits of the condensin complex I, is involved in the aggregation and separation of chromosomes during mitosis in the cell cycle and plays a crucial role in maintaining chromosome stability. Recent studies have shown that NCAPD2 is highly expressed in various malignant tumor tissues, and is closely related to tumor occurrence, development, and poor prognosis. Therefore, this article reviews the regulatory role of NCAPD2 in cell mitosis and the relationship between abnormal expression of NCAPD2 and tumors, which may provide a basis for NCAPD2 to be established as a biomarker for clinical prognosis.