人参皂苷Rh2(ginsenoside Rh2,G-Rh2)是一种源自传统中药人参的稀有皂苷,也是其中最具生物活性的成分之一, 具有抗炎、抗菌、抗过敏、心脏保护、免疫调节及神经保护等多种药理作用, 药用潜力突出。临床前期研究证实,G-Rh2可通过抑制增殖、诱导凋亡、调控自噬、抑制转移、调控表观遗传修饰、调节代谢、增强免疫功能及逆转多药耐药等多重途径介导其抗肿瘤活性, 并能缓解化疗或放疗引起的不良反应。本综述系统梳理了G-Rh2在多种肿瘤中的抗肿瘤药理作用、相关机制及联合治疗策略, 以及近年来为改善其药代动力学特性和疗效而开发的药物递送系统的研究进展,以期为肿瘤治疗提供新的靶点和思路。

Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a rare saponin derived from the traditional medicinal herb Panax ginseng, is recognized as one of its most potent bioactive components. It exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-allergic, cardioprotective, immunoregulatory, and neuroprotective effects, underscoring its considerable therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that G-Rh2 exerts its anti-tumor activity through multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, regulating autophagy, suppressing metastasis, modulating epigenetic and metabolic profiles, enhancing immunity, and reversing multidrug resistance. It also demonstrates efficacy in ameliorating adverse reactions induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This review systematically summarizes the anti-tumor mechanisms of G-Rh2 across various cancer types and discusses relevant combination therapy strategies. We also outline recent advances in drug delivery systems designed to improve its pharmacokinetic profile and anti-tumor efficacy, aiming to provide new insights and potential targets for tumor treatment.