作为我国国民首要致死和致残原因,脑血管疾病的病理生理过程极为复杂。2015年脑膜淋巴系统(meningeal lymphatic system)的发现,改变了中枢神经系统“免疫豁免”的传统认知———其可通过促进脑脊液引流、代谢废物清除和免疫监视发挥重要作用。近年来,随着神经影像学与分子生物学技术的发展,脑膜淋巴系统在脑血管疾病中的作用受到广泛关注,相关研究已逐步揭示其在调控神经炎症反应、促进出血后红细胞清除及减轻继发性脑损伤等方面的重要机制。本文系统综述近年来脑膜淋巴系统在脑血管疾病中作用的研究进展, 以期深入理解其调控机制, 为相关疾病的诊疗提供新策略。

As the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability in China,cerebrovascular diseases present complex pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation,immune dysregulation, and secondary brain injury.The seminal discovery of meningeal lymphatic system in 2015 has fundamentally transformed the understanding of central nervous system immune privilege. This system is now recognized as critical for cerebrospinal fluid drainage, metabolic waste clearance,and central nervous system immune surveillance. Recent advances in neuroimaging and molecular biology have elucidated the pivotal role of the meningeal lymphatic system in cerebrovascular disorders, particularly in modulating inflammatory responses, facilitating post-hemorrhagic erythrocyte clearance,and influencing overall disease progression and recovery. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on the functional contributions of the meningeal lymphatic system to cerebrovascular pathophysiology, to deepen the mechanistic understanding and to highlight its promising potential as a novel therapeutic target.