结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)发病率高、预后较差,其发生发展与胆汁酸代谢紊乱有关。被胆汁酸激活的受体如法尼醇X 受体(farnesoid X receptor)、G 蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1(G protein-coupled receptor 1)、维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor)、孕烷X 受体(pregnane X receptor)和组成型雄烷受体(constitutive androstane receptor)等通过不同的信号通路和众多的信号分子调节机体的生理功能。结直肠癌发生时,胆汁酸受体的表达及其调控机制均发生改变。本文以胆汁酸受体为切入点,探讨胆汁酸与结直肠癌发生发展的关系和调控结直肠癌的可能机制,为阐明胆汁酸受体在结直肠癌中的作用及其研究进展提供新思路。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high incidence and poor prognosis. Its pathogenesis is intricately linked to disorders of bile acid metabolism. Bile acid-activated receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5), vitamin D receptor (VDR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), modulate various physiological functions via multiple signaling pathways and a multitude of signaling molecules. During the pathogenesis of CRC, notable changes occur in the expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms of these bile acid receptors. This review focuses on bile acid receptors to explore the relationship between bile acids and the initiation and progression of CRC, as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms involved. The overarching objective of this review is to offer novel insights into the roles and research advances of bile acid receptors in CRC.