瘦素是一种主要由脂肪细胞合成并分泌的蛋白质类激素,通过与瘦素受体结合,发挥抑制食欲、调节能量代谢、促进脂肪分解以及介导炎症反应等多种生理功能。近年来,大量研究表明, 瘦素参与心力衰竭、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、血管钙化和高血压等多种心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)的发生和发展,已成为多种CVD研究的重要靶点。本文主要综述瘦素的分子生物学特性及其在多种常见CVD中的调控机制研究新进展,以期为肥胖相关心血管代谢性疾病的研究提供理论依据。

Leptin is a protein hormone primarily synthesized and secreted by adipocytes. It exerts various physiological functions, including appetite suppression, regulation of energy metabolism, promotion of lipolysis, and modulation of inflammatory responses, through its interaction with leptin receptors. In recent years, extensive research has demonstrated that leptin plays a critical role in the occurrence and progression of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and hypertension, making it a significant target in CVD research. This review focuses on the molecular biological characteristics of leptin and recent advances in its regulatory mechanisms in several common CVDs, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for research on obesity-associated cardiovascular metabolic diseases.