氧化还原稳态(redox homeostasis)在骨骼肌的功能适应、损伤修复及健康维持中的重要性逐渐凸显,骨骼肌中的氧化还原稳态是一个动态平衡过程,通过精确调控活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的生成与清除,使骨骼肌能够有效应对运动(exercise)带来的氧化应激,并促进细胞健康与功能恢复。适度的ROS生成有助于抗氧化系统的激活并促进肌肉适应性反应。ROS作为关键的信号分子,在运动过程中对骨骼肌的代谢、抗氧化反应、线粒体功能及蛋白质合成等方面发挥重要作用。然而,过量的ROS可能引发氧化应激,破坏肌肉细胞结构和功能,致使肌肉衰退。本综述详细探讨了骨骼肌中氧化还原稳态的调节机制,尤其是ROS的生成与清除过程,并探讨了运动对骨骼肌氧化还原状态的影响,重点分析了与氧化应激相关的信号通路,特别是Nrf2/KEAP1、HSP72/HSF1等通路在运动中的作用。深入研究氧化还原信号通路及其在不同运动模式下的调控机制,对于优化运动训练方案、改善骨骼肌健康及防治相关疾病具有重要意义。

The significance of redox homeostasis in the functional adaptation, injury repair, and health maintenance of skeletal muscle has been increasingly recognized. Redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle is a dynamic equilibrium process that precisely regulates the generation and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This regulation enables skeletal muscle to effectively cope with oxidative stress induced by exercise, thereby promoting cellular health and functional recovery. Moderate ROS generation helps activate the antioxidant system and facilitates adaptive responses in muscle. As crucial signaling molecules, ROS play significant roles in skeletal muscle metabolism, antioxidant responses, mitochondrial function, and protein synthesis during exercise. However, excessive ROS can trigger oxidative stress, damaging the structure and function of muscle cells, leading to muscle degeneration. This review comprehensively explores the regulatory mechanisms of redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle, particularly the processes of ROS generation and clearance. It also examines the impact of exercise on the redox status of skeletal muscle, with a focus on analyzing signaling pathways related to oxidative stress, especially the roles of the Nrf2/KEAP1 and HSP72/HSF1 pathways during exercise. In-depth research into redox signaling pathways and their regulatory mechanisms under different exercise modalities is crucial for optimizing exercise training programs, improving skeletal muscle health, and preventing and treating associated diseases.