外泌体(exosomes)是一类由细胞分泌到细胞外的囊泡,其携带了丰富的生物分子,如蛋白质、核酸和代谢产物等。微小RNA(microRNAs, miRNAs)是一类非编码RNA 分子,在细胞分化、增殖和生存过程中发挥着重要的作用。运动可促进外泌体分泌,并促进其内容物miRNAs发挥生物学效应。近年来的研究发现,外泌体miRNAs与慢性心力衰竭关系密切,且运动会改变体液和组织中外泌体miRNAs的表达。外泌体miRNAs是心力衰竭诊断和预后的生物标志物,可以通过抑制心肌纤维化、促进心肌线粒体功能和增强心肌细胞存活等作用改善心力衰竭。本文对外泌体miRNAs在慢性心力衰竭中的作用以及运动通过外泌体miRNAs改善心力衰竭的线粒体机制进行综述,以期为心力衰竭的诊断和治疗提供依据。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space, carrying abundant biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival.Exercise can induce the secretion of exosomes,and promote the biological effects of the contained miRNAs.Recent studies have indicated a close relationship between exosomal miRNAs and chronic heart failure,exercise can alter the expression of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids and tissues.Exosomal miRNAs serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure,potentially ameliorating heart failure by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis,promoting myocardial mitochondrial function,and enhancing myocardial cell survival. Therefore,this article reviews the role of exosomal miRNAs in chronic heart failure and the mitochondrial mechanisms through which exercise improves chronic heart failure via exosomal miRNAs, offering a valuable basis for future diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.