鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)是细胞膜鞘脂质的代谢产物,与人体不同部位的G蛋白偶联鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors,S1PRs)结合发挥生理功能。S1P-S1PRs信号通路在介导炎症反应、心脏发育、血管生成以及免疫细胞的迁移、增殖和分化等方面发挥重要作用。S1PRs是多种疾病的有效治疗靶点,包括自身免疫性疾病、炎症、心血管疾病甚至癌症等。由于对S1PRs缺乏深入的认识阻碍了临床药物的研发。本文将对S1PRs的研究现状进行综述,将重点关注S1PRs的生理功能、参与疾病发展和代表药物的最新进展,为相关疾病的临床治疗提供新思路。

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolite of cell membrane sphingolipids, exerts its physiological functions by binding to G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) in various tissues of the human body. The S1P-S1PR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating inflammatory responses, cardiac development, angiogenesis, as well as the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells. S1PRs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. However, the lack of in-depth understanding of S1PRs has hindered the development of clinical drugs. Therefore, this article reviews the current research status of S1PRs, focusing on S1PR-associated physiological functions, disease progression, and the development of representative drugs, with the aim of providing new insights for the clinical treatment of associated diseases.