骨组织缺损缺失的修复与再生是一个复杂、缓慢的病理生理过程,在口腔临床治疗中也是尚未解决的重大难题之一。缺氧(hypoxia)导致损伤骨组织血供不足,严重影响了骨组织缺损缺失的修复与再生。镁及镁合金作为新型可降解可吸收骨组织工程植入材料,在缺氧条件下降解产生的镁离子(magnesium ion)可激活与缺氧诱导因子相关的细胞信号通路,促进血管新生,维持骨细胞的成骨功能,实现损伤骨组织的修复与再生。因此,本文综述了缺氧条件下影响骨组织再生的因素,以及镁离子促进骨再生的作用机制研究现状,以期为后续研发各种促进骨组织缺损缺失修复的医用镁合金生物材料奠定基础。

The repair and regeneration of bone tissue defects is a complex and slow pathophysiological process,representing a significant challenge in oral clinical treatment. Hypoxia leads to an inadequate blood supply to injured bone tissue,significantly impairing the repair and regeneration of bone tissue defects.Magnesium and magnesium alloys, as novel types of degradable and absorbable materials for bone tissue engineering implants,release magnesium ions under hypoxic conditions. These magnesium ions can activate cell signaling pathways related to hypoxia-inducible factors, promoting angiogenesis,preserving the osteogenic function of bone cells,and facilitating the repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue.Accordingly,this article reviews the factors influencing bone tissue regeneration under hypoxic environments and current state of research on the mechanisms by which magnesium ions promote bone regeneration,aiming to lay a foundation for the subsequent development of various medical magnesium alloy biomaterials that facilitate the repair of bone tissue defects.