肠黏膜屏障(intestinal mucosal barrier)是肠道与外界环境接触的第一道屏障,可阻止有害物质和病原体进入内环境,维持肠道稳态。胆汁酸(bile acids)是在肝脏以胆固醇为原料合成,随后在肠道菌群的作用下转化为次级胆汁酸,与胆汁酸受体以及肠道微生物群相互作用,在维持肠黏膜屏障的稳态方面起着关键作用。本文综述了胆汁酸与胆汁酸代谢在肠黏膜屏障结构中的作用,以及胆汁酸与肠道疾病的关系,旨在对未来预防和治疗肠屏障功能障碍及相关肠道疾病提供帮助。

The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first barrier between the intestine and the external environment, preventing harmful substances and pathogens from entering the internal environment and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subsequently converted into secondary bile acids by gut microbiota, interact with bile acid receptors and the gut microbiome, playing a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier. This review will elaborate on the role of bile acids and bile acid metabolism in the structure of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the relationship between bile acids and intestinal diseases, aiming to provide insights for future strategies in the prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction and associated intestinal diseases.